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The ground combat exclusion policy of the United States Army dates back to 1948 when The Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1948 excluded women from combat positions. 〔Combat Exclusion: An Equal Protection Analysis, Captain Stephanie Stephens, DTIC〕 On April 28, 1993, combat exclusion was lifted from aviation positions by Secretary of Defense Les Aspin, permitting women to serve in almost any aviation capacity. 〔http://nation.time.com/2013/01/30/time-for-some-fearless-leadership〕 Some restrictions were maintained on aviation units in direct support of ground units and special operations aviation units. In 1994, the Pentagon declared: This includes assignments to the Infantry, Artillery, Special Forces and Armor. The policy also excluded women being assigned to certain organizations based upon proximity to direct combat or "collocation" as the policy specifically refers to it.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/national_security_veterans_affairs/military_personnel_and_expenditures.html )〕 According to the Army, collocation occurs when, "the position or unit routinely physically locates and remains with a military unit assigned a doctrinal mission to routinely engage in direct combat." If a support soldier lives and works in the same area as a combat soldier, then they are "collocated." How this affects assignments is that if a unit whose mission does not exclude females, for example a medical unit, is a subunit of a unit whose mission is that of direct combat, like an infantry unit, the medical unit will be closed to women because of collocation. In 2001, a commission headed by Lester L. Lyles, a retired Air Force general, recommended eliminating the policy, calling it a hindrance to promotion.〔(Panel Says Rescind Policy on Women in Combat )〕 In February 2012, a review of pentagon policies resulted in the lifting of restrictions on 14,000 military positions. Women remained ineligible to serve in 238,000 positions, about a fifth of the armed forces.〔(US military to ease curbs on women in combat roles )〕 Women serving in the U.S. military in the past have often seen combat despite the Combat Exclusion Policy. Due to a shortage of troops, women were temporarily attached to direct combat units slipping in through a bureaucratic loophole. Although they were not supposed to be in positions that engaged in direct combat, thousands of women have engaged the enemy directly in Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom. The Combat Exclusion Policy was lifted as of January 24, 2013, following a unanimous recommendation by the joint Chiefs of Staff. 〔http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=119098〕 Both men and women are eligible to serve in front line combat and complete combat operations. The lifting of the ban was announced at a Pentagon press conference by Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta, and the joint chiefs chairmen, Army Gen. Martin E. Dempsey. Panetta said that the ban was lifted because “If members of our military can meet the qualifications for a job, then they should have the right to serve, regardless of creed, color, gender or sexual orientation,” The various service branches were given until January 2016 to implement changes and submit requests to exclude specific Military Occupational Specialties from the ban being lifted. Panetta further said that initial implementation plans were to be submitted to him by May 15th, 2014. ==See also== *Women in combat 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Combat Exclusion Policy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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